The plant Tribulus terrestris (TT) popularly known as puncture vine or Small Caltrops is a perennial creeping herb with a worldwide distribution. Tribulus terrestris (TT) has long been used in the traditional Indian and Chinese systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as urinary infections, inflammations, leucorrhoea, oedema and ascites and is popularly claimed to improve sexual functions in man.

Tribulus terrestris is known for its aphrodisiac activity and it has also been proved in many scientific studies that Tribulus induces erection by increasing intracavernosal pressure and improves the overall sexual function in males. It rejuvenates and nourishes the body. Active principle of Tribulus terrestris is protodioscin, which exerts proerectile aphrodisiac activity by increasing androgen levels and subsequent release of nitric oxide from the nerves of the corpus cavernosum muscle of the penis.

It is observed in scientific studies that Tribulus terrestris exerts a positive effect on the spermatogenesis. In a clinical trial, Tribulus terrestris was given to 74 infertile men for 3 months. A significant improvement was noted in patients receiving the Tribulus supplement. 100% of patients showed an increase in sperm count and motility. Surprisingly 87% of couples conceived within 6 months of treatment.

Withania somnifera Dunal is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine, the traditional medical system of India. It is part of many formulations prescribed for a variety of musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., arthritis, rheumatism), and as a general tonic to increase energy, improve overall health and longevity, and prevent disease in athletes, the elderly, and during pregnancy.

Withania somnifera possesses anti-stress activity and is helpful in augmented learning acquisition and memory retention.

In Ayurveda, Indian is claimed to possess potent aphrodisiac activity. It vitalizes and rejuvenates the body; and increases the sexual desire and performance in males (aphrodisiac). The plant was traditionally used to promote youthful, vigor, endurance, strength, health and increasing the production of vital fluids, muscle fat, blood, lymph, semen and cells.

Withania somnifera extract has a direct spermatogenic influence on the seminiferous tubules of immature rats presumably by exerting a testosterone-like effect. It can be utilized in the treatment of stress induced infertility.

Anxiolytic, antidepressant and adaptogenic actions of the bioactive withanolides have been established. Withania is able to decrease the number and severity of chronic stress-induced ulcers, reverse chronic stress induced inhibition of male sexual behavior, and chronic stress-induced immuno-suppression. It also possesses anti-oxidant activity.and neuroprotective activity.

Chlorophytum arundinaceum is the vital ingredient of number of Ayurvedic aphrodisiac formulations mentioned in the ancient literature. Chlorophytum arundinaceum is an Aphrodisiac, Libido enhancer, and tonic in action. It Increases the sperm count and is also used in spermatorrhoea.

In an experimental study on rats it has been proved that extract of roots of Chlorophytum arundinaceum has a potent sexual stimulant action.

Roots of Chlorophytum can be useful in the treatment of certain forms of sexual inadequacies, such as premature ejaculation and oligospermia. It also exhibits anti-oxidant action.

The seeds of Mucuna pruriens are being used for sexual debility, impotence and diabetes. The plant is reported to have L-Dopa as a major constituent mainly in seeds. The traditional aphrodisiac property of Mucuna pruriens is scientifically analyzed and proved by several experiments using seeds of M. pruriens. According to the studies of Amin et. al, M. pruriens stimulates sexual function in normal male rats which was observed by increase in mounting frequency, intromission frequency and ejaculation latency.

n a clinical trial on 60 psychologically stressed infertile men, it was proved that Mucuna pruriens increases sperm concentration and motility in all the infertile men. Treatment with M. pruriens regulates spermatogenesis and improves semen quality in infertile men.

It possesses anti-oxidant, neuroprotective and anti-stress activities.

Myristica fragrans, also known as ‘nutmeg tree’ is an aromatic plant. In Ayurvedic literature, nutmeg fruit has been mentioned as an Aphrodisiac and a best drug todelay the ejaculation & thus to prolong the Intercourse.

Aphrodisiac activity (increase in mounting behavior, libido and potency) of ethanolic extract of nutmeg has been confirmed in preclinical studies in male rats and mice. The aphrodisiac activity of nutmeg might be attributed to its nervous stimulating property.

Anti-thrombotic , anti-depressant , memory enhancing and anti-hyperlipidaemic activities of nutmeg have also been reported.

The active compound of Piper nigrum is Piperine, which shows CNS stimulant activity.. It has been suggested earlier that Piperine could increase bioavailability of drugs either by protecting the drug from being metabolized in its first passage through the liver after being absorbed or by promoting rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or by a combination of these two mechanisms.